Department of health and human services 540 gaither road rockville, md 20850. Hepatitis a the hepatitis a virus spreads through contact with an infected persons stool. Hepatitis a is spread primarily through food or water contaminated by feces from an infected person. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis b. An estimated 10 million people worldwide have dual infections with hepatitis d and hepatitis b viruses. Cdc recommendations for hepatitis c screening among adults. Unusual cases of hepatitis b virus transmission in the. Talk with your provider if you use any of the items listed below. They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments differ. Hepatitis a causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. It has been led by the world hepatitis alliance since 2007 and in may 2010, it received global endorsement from the world health organization.
Get indepth hepatitis information here about hepatitis symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. Several drugs are now on the market to manage hepatitis b, and a growing number of agents are available to cure hepatitis c in more than 90 percent of people who are treated. Hepatitis is a virus that causes liver inflammation. Department veterans health administration hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c a virus that causes sickness to the liver goes away in about 2 months a virus that causes sickness to the liver usually goes away after several months if it does not go away, it can cause.
Hepatitis a is a viral liver disease that can cause mild to severe illness. Jul 27, 2016 hepatitis a, b, c, d and e are very different viruses. Because fatality from hepatitis is relatively low, mortality figures are a poor indicator of the actual incidence of these. Symptoms of all types of viral hepatitis are similar and can include one or more of the. Hepatitis a, b, and c are viral infections that together affect an estimated 5% to 6% of americans. Global epidemiology of hepatitis b and hepatitis c in people who inject drugs. The average hepatitis b incubation period is 120 days, but it can range from 45 to 160 days.
Hepatitis a is always an acute, shortterm disease, while hepatitis b, c, and d are most likely to become ongoing and chronic. Having chronic hepatitis b increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis a condition that permanently scars of the liver. The hepatitis b, c, and d viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis a, b, and c immunization action coalition. Viral hepatitis b and c in children pubmed central pmc. Hepatitis d virus hdv wisconsin department of health. Hepatitis b virus hbv is a hepadnavirus, highly resistant to extremes of temperature and humidity, that invades the hepatocytes. Other things besides hepatitis c can make your liver unhealthy or put more strain on your liver. Hepatitis b differential diagnoses medscape reference. Hepatitis e is usually acute but can be particularly dangerous in. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Hepatitis d questionnaire and fax the completed form to cde 2063641060.
Each have different hepatitis symptoms and treatments. Pdf hepatitis b and c screening toolkit for primary care providers pdf. The viral genome is a partially doublestranded, circular dna linked to a dna polymerase that is surrounded by an icosahedral nucleocapsid and. Several drugs are now on the market to manage hepatitis b, and a growing number of agents are available to cure hepatitis c. The focus of this article is on these viruses that cause the majority of human viral hepatitis. The hepatitis d virus is unusual because it can only infect you when you also have a hepatitis b virus infection. Hepatitis b virus is a partly doublestranded dna virus with several. Pharmacotherapy selfassessment program, 6th edition 1 update on pharmacotherapy of chronic hepatitis b and c learning objectives 1.
Unusual cases of hepatitis b virus transmission in the community o ne reason some parents dont vaccinate their children against the hepatitis b virus hbv is their belief that their child has no risk of ever coming in contact with the virus. Acute infection is more common with hepatitis b than c in childhood. As hepatitis b and c are transmitted through blood and multiple bodily fluids, prevention is aimed at screening blood prior to transfusion, abstaining from the use of injection drugs, safe needle and sharps practices in healthcare settings, and safe sex practices. My child will never be promiscuous or addicted to drugs. Some causes of hepatitis include recreational drugs and prescription medications. If it does not go away, it can cause liver cell damage, leading to cirrhosis. Hepatitis d and e washington state department of health.
Whenever a woman is pregnant, she should be tested for. The most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. Hepatitis b virus infection christian trepo, henry l y chan, anna lok hepatitis b virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Management of viral hepatitis a, c, d and e in pregnancy. The result is a comprehensive account on all aspects of viral hepatitis, including rapid advances in the diagnosis, management, treatment and prevention of a complex infection, which in the case of hepatitis b, c and d may lead to severe complications including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Oct 25, 2018 hepatitis is a virus that causes liver inflammation. Oct 12, 2018 due to rising mortality from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and limited implementation of screening and treatment programmes, it has been characterised as a neglected tropical disease. The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. Note that hepatitis d occurs only with a hepatitis b virus infection. Hepatitis c primarily spread through contact with infected blood, less commonly through sexual contact hepatitis d though contact with infected blood or body fluids. It is recommended for people 2 yrs of age who are in risk groups for hav infection. Mar 19, 2020 the most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. The result is a comprehensive account on all aspects of viral hepatitis, including rapid advances in the diagnosis, management, treatment and prevention of a complex infection, which in the case of hepatitis b, c and d may lead to severe complications including. Hepatitis symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting. Hepatitis a and e mainly present as acute hepatitis during pregnancy, while hepatitis c and d are usually found as chronic infection in pregnant women. Hepatitis b is a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver.
Hepatitis c hcv is a flavivirus for which the only known reservoirs are humans and chimpanzees. Minnesota evidencebased practice center, minneapolis, minnesota investigators timothy j. Hbv is an enveloped partially doublestrand dna virus in the hepadnavirus family. Unusual cases of hepatitis b virus transmission in the community. Hepatitis a virus hav is present in the faeces of infected persons and is most often transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or. Viral hepatitis b and c are the cause of significant disease worldwide. Two or three shots are given over a period of one to six months, depending on brand. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral hepatitis can cause significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The virus is present in bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, tears, breast milk, and saliva. Hepatitis b hepatitis b is the most common bloodborne hepatitis, with infection through percutaneous or permucosal routes.
Hepatitis a virus does not usually result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease. Hepatitis a, b, c, d and e are very different viruses. Hepatitis c hepatitis b alcoholic liver disease liver cancer obesity we will explain these in more detail later. Hepatitis b is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. Hcv causes nona, nonb hepatitis and was the major cause of posttransfusion hepatitis before routine screening of the blood supply.
Hcv is an enveloped singlestrand rna virus in the flavivirus family. Hepatitis b virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. If the patient has not been reported to doh as a hepatitis b case, enter the relevant information into the washington disease reporting system wdrs. Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory testing and serologic or virologic markers used to diagnose and monitor hepatitis b virus hbv and hepatitis c virus hcv infection. Hepatitis b california department of public health. Update on pharmacotherapy of chronic hepatitis b and c. There are a number of different hepatitis viruses not all identified, but the primary viruses are types a hav, b hbv, c hcv, d hdv, and e hev. A superinfection occurs if you already have chronic hepatitis b and then become infected with hepatitis d. Hepatitis viruses most often found in the united states include a, b, c, and d. You can protect yourself by getting the hepatitis a.
The many millions of people around the world who become hbv carriers are a constant source. A coinfection occurs when you get both hepatitis d and hepatitis b infections at the same time. Doc perbedaan hepatitis a, b, c, d, e yohana hurint. World hepatitis day, observed 28 july, aims to raise global awareness of hepatitis b and hepatitis c and encourage prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Hav and hev are spread by the fecaloral route while types hbv, hcv, and hdv are bloodborne and have similar characteristics. Viral hepatitis, including hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c, are a group of distinct diseases that affect the liver. As with so many diseases, weve come a long way in understanding viral hepatitis, notably two chronic and serious forms.
Hbv may also be transmitted from an infected mother to her newborn during delivery. The hepatitis a virus spreads through contact with an infected persons stool. There are three different viruses that infect the liver and result in bloodborne viral hepatitis. Cdc now recommends hepatitis c testing for all adults. Hepatitis b is the only sexually transmitted infection for which there is a protective vaccine. Jun 12, 2017 nelson pk, mathers bm, cowie b, et al. Scientists have identified 5 unique hepatitis viruses, identified by the letters a, b, c, d, and e. Different strains of hepatitis exist, including hepatitis a, b, c, and d. Viral hepatitis refers to hepatitis caused by a few specific viruses that primarily attack the liver. The hepatitis b virus hbv can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis scarring of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. Hepatitis d infections occur globally, but the prevalence varies widely among countries. The average hepatitis c incubation period is 45 days, but it can range from 14 to 180 days.
Hepatitis d, which can be acute or chronic, is uncommon in the united states. Hepatitis b is a potentially lifethreatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis b virus. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it. Division of viral hepatitis home page division of viral. Synthesis of the existing evidence on the epidemiology of viral hepatitis b, c and d in malawi is required to inform policy and identify research gaps. The most common hepatitis viruses are types a, b, and c. This form of hepatitis may occur as a superinfectionin a hepatitis b carrier or as a coinfection in an individual with acute hepatitis b. While all cause liver disease, they vary in important ways. Learn the differences people who wish to be protected from hav infection all children at age 1 year 1223 months men who have sex with men users of street drugs injecting and non injecting people who travel or work in any area of the world except the u.
Rarely, it spreads through contact with infected blood. Due to rising mortality from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and limited implementation of screening and treatment programmes, it has been characterised as a neglected tropical disease. Hepatitis b vaccination and hepatitis b immune because there is a high risk of acquiring hbv from a needlestick injury, health care profession. Hepatitis a is caused by infection with hepatitis a virus hav, a nonenveloped rna.
37 986 1300 747 940 406 1288 803 515 1411 1529 704 909 991 870 425 548 645 1385 1350 843 1536 1127 487 86 460 338 1118 771 630 980 1470 55 1114 305 745 1028 1413 975 483 238